【病理学基础知识重点笔记】小学生语文基础知识笔记

来源:名资汇网 作者:caiji007 2023-04-26 09:05:00
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  小学生的语文基础知识有哪些?下面是的小编为你们整理的文章,希望你们能够喜欢

  小学生语文基础知识汇总

  一、字母表(音序表)

  AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz(其实就是英语26个字母的大小写,只是读音不同)

  二、音节:音节由声母、韵母和声调三个部分组成(三拼音节还包括:介母)

  三、声母:bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcsyw

  四、韵母:

  1、单韵母:aoeiuü(6个)

  2、复韵母:ai、ei、ui、ao、ou、iu、ie、üe、er(9个)

  3、鼻韵母:(前鼻音)an、en、in、un、ün(后鼻音)ang、eng、ing、ong

  五、整体认读音节:zhi、chi、shi、ri、zi、ci、si、ye、yi、yin、ying、wu、yu、yue、yun、yuan(16个)

  六、标调规则:有a别放过,没a找o、e,i、u并列标在后,这样标调准没错!

  七、拼写需注意的事项:

  1、j、q、x遇到ü,两个小点要拿去

  2、句子开头的首字母要大写;汉语人名的开头字母要大写;专有名词的开头字母要大写例:Beijing;文章标题开头字母要大写

  小学语文必会基础知识--量词

  常能听见某某小朋友有意或者无意的说:那里有一头马等等,听着其实挺可笑的,但是这恰恰说明了小学语文中一个不可忽略的问题------量词。顾名思义,量词就是表示数量的词语,也是小学语文的一个必考必会问题,下面我简单的做了小结,如有不全,仅供参考!

  一、量词:

  表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。

  量词的细致分类很多,例如名量词、动量词等,在这里我只对小学生必须掌握的基本量词做以归类和小结,如果有不全,仅供参考

  一个人、两只梨头、三口钟、一把茶壶中的个、只、口、把以及表示度量衡的斤、公斤、斗、升、尺、寸、丈等,表示人或事物的数量单位,叫做名量词。

  去一趟、看一遍、做一次、哭一场中的趟、遍、次、场,表示动作的数量单位,叫做动量词。

  把名量词驾人和动量词合在一次,共同用来作为一种特殊的计量单位,就是复合量词。

  刚一看这一简单的知识点量词就分成这么多细致的概念似乎很难掌握,但我个人觉得概念只作为了解就可以了,而真正需要掌握的是如何去正确的填写、运用量词,而不至于出现一头马,一匹狗这一类的笑话,经过多年的教学,我将小学常用、常考的量词做了一个归纳如下:

  个头快匹条斤名位群座口阵双本道把份根次列架栋辆台片轮只棵颗朵艘场对封张件所杆瓶顶项幅部支枝首尊堆钩叶弯缕伙

  (注:常用的量词多数都在日常生活的口语中出现,所以要注意在日常生活中的积累和正确的运用)

  另外除了单个量词的运用之外,量词的重叠也是一个必会的知识点,但是在掌握了单个量词的运用基础上,重叠就已经很简单了。

  量词的重叠:除了计量名量词外,不少量词可以重叠使用。例如:个个/件件/张张。次次/趟趟/回回等等。

  讲解

  量词,尤其是名量词,特别丰富,是外国语不能比拟的,这也是我们汉语引以为豪的特点之一。有的量词只同两三个词有交往,例如尊,只能说一尊佛像、一尊菩萨等;有的量词却应用很广,例如个,可以说一个人、一个问题、一个苹果、一个家、一个座位、一个单位、一个口信等等。有的名词又可以同几个量词相搭配,例如:一只一顶一个一打帽子一条一尾一串一斤鱼一颗一粒一堆一串一把一吊葡萄什么量词同什么名词相搭配,有一定的规律,如凡是小而圆的东西,如珍珠、米、葡萄、小石子等,可用量词颗;凡是细而长的东西,如竹竿、长枪、香烟等,可用量词支、根。使用这些量词,不仅表示单位,而且表示出事物的形状来,显得具体形象。文学作品中经常利用量词这个特点,例如一轮明月、一钩残月、一弯新月、一叶扁舟、一缕笛声等。

  有的量词还具有褒贬色彩。如:两位青年工人协助民警抓住了一伙歹徒。量词位具有尊敬的感情色彩;而量词伙,却具有鄙视的感情色彩。大多量词没有什么感情色彩,它们跟哪个名词相搭配,完全是根据说话的习惯,例如把,可以说一把刀、一把米、一把扇子、一把锁、一把年纪等等。

  小学语文必会基础知识---关联词

  我教过的很多学生都对关联词掌握良好,但多数同学有一个误区,那就是总认为关联词是种固定搭配,比如说因为就一定和所以,虽然就一定要和但是一起用,往往在出现随即应用,或者某些关联词混合运用的时候就会出现差错,所以在这里我要提醒孩子们,关联词其实就是能够让两句或者更多句话有机的、合理的联系起来的词语,运用时要灵活多变、通顺合理就可以,不要死教条!以下我对小学常用的,也是必须要掌握的关联词语做了小结,仅供参考!

  1、并列关系:...一边...一边......一面...一面...不是...而是...有时...有时...既...又...又...又...那么...那么...

  2、承接关系:一...就首先...然后...又......就......接着...

  3、递进关系:不仅...而且不是...甚至不但...而且不但(不仅、不只、不光)...还(又、也)

  4、因果关系:因为...所以由于...因此...因故...之所以...是因为既然...就...因此...

  5、选择关系:是...还是不是...就是要么...要么与其...不如宁可...也不宁愿...不愿...

  6、转折关系:虽然...但是尽管...还尽管...却但是(可、却、可是、然而、不过、只是、仅)

  7、假设关系:如果(假设、倘若、要是)...就(那么、那就)即使(就是、就算、纵然)...也(还)

  8、条件关系:只要...就只有...才除非...才任凭...也

  关联词语的运用,关键在于平时语感的培养,如果一句话当你添上了关联词语之后意思表达出现的差异,那么肯定是不对,所以关联词语的运用窍门就在于对句子和意思的准确理解和把握!

  小学语文必会基础知识--修辞

  修辞是修饰文字词句、运用各种表现方式,使语言表达得准确、鲜明而生动有力。常用的修辞手法有

  比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、反复、设问、反问、引用、对比、借代、反语、顶真、互文、比拟等小学生语文基础知识汇总小学生语文基础知识汇总。

  修辞方法不只是小学语文非常重要的基础知识,而且这一知识点的掌握好与坏直接关系到作文这一重要的知识,所以绝不能忽视,以上粉色的修辞方法是小学生必须要掌握的,接下来我做了如下小结,仅供参考!

  1、比喻:说白了就是打比方,利用事物间相似的地方,借一个事物说明另一个事物的方法。

  2、拟人:是把人的特征给予事物,让事物如人一样说话、活动、有感情。

  3、夸张:对某一个事物进行扩大或者缩小的描述,但不是豪无边际没有原则无限的,不同于说大话,而是艺术的扩大或缩小。

  4、排比:是把三个或三个以上结构相同或相似,预期一致的词组或句子排列起来,借以增强表达效果。

  5、反问:用问的预期表达确定的意思或加重语气。说白了就是有问答在句中。

  设问:可以直白的说就是自问自答。

  6、双关:在特定的语言环境中,故意让一个词语或一句话获得双重意义。

  7、引用:引用别人的话或成语、典故等。

  8、反语:故意说反话,用一种本来意思相反的词语或句表达意思。

  9、对比:把正反两个事物或者事物的正反两方面一起对照小学生语文基础知识汇总文章小学生语文基础知识汇总出自http://www.gkstk/article/wk-78500000723993.html,转载请保留此链接!。

  10、对偶:用字数相等、结构相似的两个句子或短语表达意思相近相关或相反的。

  11、反复:为表达强烈的感情有意重复使用某个词语、句子。

  12、借代:不直接说出要说的人或事,而是借用和这个事或人相关的人或事。

  如果想把修辞方法运用的恰当正确,一定要在日常的学习中留心、留意,多积累,有一个小窍门,就是把每个修辞方法都背一到两个有代表的句子,并以此句举一反三!

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