[体育运动篮球起源于]体育运动知识:40种篮球违例规则

来源:名资汇网 作者:caiji007 2023-05-04 09:05:00
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  一个稍微会打球的人,可以把40种常见违例、30种常见犯规都稍微弄清楚,再加上响哨时机、手势动作;要去执行菜市场杯、系队友谊篮球赛就绰绰有余了。

  40种篮球违例规则

  一、走步:

  (一)单脚跳停时(空中接到球时,哪一脚先落地,该脚即为轴心脚)「轴心脚没有站稳」脚步,即为走步。

  (二)双脚跳停时(双脚同时落地,哪一只脚先离地,另一脚即为轴心脚)「轴心脚没站稳」脚步,即为走步。

  (三)快速上篮时,收球后「多踏一步」。

  (四)持球过人时,「球未离手」前,轴心脚先离地。

  (五)在禁区里「收球完成后」或下球前,轴心脚移动(或双脚移动)。

  (六)收球后、垫步(应说刺探步)时,轴心脚步法「交代不清楚」;例如脚尖拖拉、脚尖与脚跟交换当轴心等。

  (七)收球后因故「停不住」而滑步,也算走步的一种。

  (八)当球员持球时跌倒地板上,还控制着球这时算合法;但是,如果球员试图再「站起来」就算走步。

  (九)欲上篮或投篮球员跳起要出手时,防守球员手碰触球,以致球虽离手失去控制但球却没有落地;或者进攻球员要出手投篮或上篮瞬间,被防守球员「单手压住球」,进而使进攻球员没办法出手,也接连发生该球员双脚落地,此皆称走步违例。假如进攻球员要出手投篮或上篮瞬间,被防守球员「双手压住球」,进而使进攻球员没办法出手,也接连发生该球员双脚落地,此称争球,依球权轮替决定控球权。

  (十)运球过高,高过肩膀并继续前进,称走步。

  二、翻球违例

  (一)在运球时,球「停」在手上(或整个「手掌向上」)又持续运球。

  (二)在进攻要过人,变化自己的进攻方向,「球却停在手上」过人。

  三、球回后场违例

  (一)控球的甲方把球带到前场,不经「对手触碰」后,球回后场时再被后场的队友或自己碰到、捡起等都称「回场」;假如被对手乙方拨到,而掉回后场,或者被乙方抄截、却没成功的让球跑回后场等,甲方再去捡、拾都是好球,而非回场。甚至,甲方出手投篮后,双方都没有抢到篮板球的让球滚、弹回后场,甲方再去捡、拾都是好球,而非回场;因为,既然已经出手投篮,该次控球权就变成「未知数」,任一方都可以取球。

  (二)最后一步从后场离地跳起,并在跨过中线进到前场,人「还没落地」,或只有「单脚落地」瞬间接到队友的传球。

  四、篮下3秒违例

  (一)在禁区里「待超过3秒」的进攻球员;计算方法是,1001、1002、1003、响哨。

  (二)一脚站立在禁区里(包含「踩在在线」),另一只脚站立在禁区外,也应该计算(要双脚都离开禁区)停留时间。

  (三)在「后场控球」时,前场球员不算篮下3秒;但是,假如他持续待在禁区里超过3秒,并在第4秒于禁区里接到球就是3秒违例。发界外球时,定时器没启动也不算3秒;同理,假如他持续待在禁区里超过3秒,并在第4秒于禁区里接到球就是3秒违例。

  五、8秒违例

  甲队全场包夹或压迫防守,乙方在8秒内没有办法把球传、运送过前场称之;此8秒以裁判「读秒为主」,24秒定时器为辅。

  六、24秒违例

  (一)24秒钟响,还在控球队甲方的手上,就是违例。甚至,甲方控球虽然出手投篮,却还没碰触到篮框,但是24秒定时器响起;虽然,彼时双方都没有获得控球权,也是甲方违例。

  (二)24秒响起前一刻,甲球队出手投篮,但是球没碰到篮框,且又被原控甲球队的队员拿到;记得,球要「碰触篮框」才算完成攻击。

  七、脚踢球违例

  (一)在持(运)球时,防守方故意用脚去踢球、阻挠传球等。

  (二)不是故意去踢球却碰触到脚,例如,持控球时接不好,球掉到脚上、碰触到脚,或者运球时碰触到脚上,甚至防守方在对方传导球时,拨、抄球,以致球改变方向的碰触到脚等等「无意接触到脚」,那都不算违例。

  八、罚球违例

  (一)罚球时,主罚球员跟站在3分线外的人,要等到球「确定碰篮框」后,才能进去抢球。

  (二)罚球时,在禁区卡位的5位球员,要等到主罚球员「球出手(离手)」后,才能踏入禁区抢球。

  (三)罚球进时,不管哪一队队员进场过早(除主罚球员),分数都算。

  九、两次运球

  (一)运球前进,经干扰、威胁或吓唬等防守情况,运球者「将球收起」;却因故,再进行第二次运球,称之二次运球。

  (二)运球前进「收起球」准备传导球,或「收起球」准备攻击瞬间,或者已经做出「收球动作」,却因故再继续运球,皆称之二次运球。

  (三)控球员运球后收球,要攻击或要传导球瞬间,却不慎、因故「球掉落」;此时,将球捡起,视为好球非二次运球。但是,此后该球员不能做运球,否则就是二次运球。

  (四)于传接球过程,在接球瞬间不慎「没接妥球」以致球掉落;此时,将球捡起,掌控球后可以下球运球,这没有构成两次运球的条件。

  十、妨碍中篮

  (一)对手投篮或上篮后,当球体已经从上升阶段,变化为「下降级段」、且在降落于篮框附近瞬间,或者,球体经过擦板上篮,球体已经碰触篮板后,以上二种情况下的防守方故意去碰、拨篮球,这些都是属于构成影响球体行进举止,称妨碍中篮。

  (二)对手投篮或上篮后,防守方故意去碰、拉「篮框」,或者防守方故意去碰触「篮板、篮」等,这构成影响球体行进举止。

  十一、球、球员出界

  (一)球员自己踩到界外线或底线称球员出界;假如球员已经出界情况且碰触到球,视为该球员将球碰触出界,此则属于对方球。

  (二)当球员已经出界,然后,从界外跳进场内接球,假如在双脚尚未站定情况碰触到球,此则算是球员出界,该判对方球;假如球员从界外跳进场内,并在双脚站定情况去碰触、抢球等等,都属于合法。

  (三)双方争球时,如果有一方踩到界外线,那就形成对方球。

  (四)球体跳出界外,但是尚处于空中状态、未碰触到「场外物」,包括尚未碰触到边线、底线、场外的地面等等,彼时皆称球尚未出界;但是,假如球体碰触到前述任一条件,即为「球出界」。例,碰到边线、碰触底线、碰触到场外椅子、碰触到场外树木、碰触到场外人等,只要碰触「瞬间」就是球出界。

  十二、跳球违例

  (一)执行跳球的双方球员,在球体尚未上升至「最高点」,立即拨、点球,称谓违例;或者,跳球球员连续拨、点球超过2次,在第3次拨球即违例,对方球。

  (二)除了跳球的2位球员之外8位球员,在跳球球员尚未碰触拨球前,其余8位球员移动身体或双脚,要去占据有利位置,亦称违例;或者,在拨、点球后,尚未将球体拨出「跳球圈」瞬间,其次8人立即「闯入跳球圈」去碰、抢、触球。

  十三、发底线球、发边线球违例

  (一)在任一方犯规或违例的发边线、发底线球,执行发球者「移动双脚」,以走步条件下去执行发球称违例;但是在前述条件下执行发球,则允许前、后移动2步。但是在场地边线、底线和场外物(例如椅子、墙壁等)不足「2m」情况下,裁判应「主动」要求防守者,退离执行发球者「2步以上」;假如裁判没有提出要求,执行发球的球员可以要求裁判协助驱离防守者保持距离。

  (二)犯规或违例的发边线、发底线球虽不能移动;但是,在对队得分情况,执行发球球员,可以左、右或者前、后移动任意步数去发球。可是,得分后的暂停发边线、发底线球,却不允许左、右或者前后移动任意步数去发球;假如,发球员投机故意「不拾起球」执行发球,裁判应迅速捡起球,然后递交给执行发球员,并立即「读秒」。

  (三)再假如发球员投机,在裁判即将读秒瞬间,将球交给另一队友,然后要求队友跨出场外去执行发边线、发底线球;此时,裁判要立即「读秒」,不能等待另一发球员捡起球才开始读秒。读秒是「5秒」,那是1001、1002、1003、1004、响哨。

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