【小学英语在线学习】小学英语过去式知识归纳

来源:名资汇网 作者:caiji007 2024-03-06 07:05:00
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  过去式是英语里面使用频率较高的一个知识点,小学英语过去式是小学生要掌握的知识,那么小学英语过去式的内容有哪些呢?下面由小编为大家整理的小学英语过去式的相关资料,希望大家喜欢!

  小学英语过去式知识归纳

  一、概念

  表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:yesterday,yesterdaymorning,yesterdayafternoon,yesterdayevening,thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),lastnight,lastweek,lastmonth,lastyear,amomentago(刚才),justnow(刚才),twodaysago,aweekago,in1990等。如:Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.昨晚我11:00睡觉。

  二、动词过去式的构成规律

  (一)规则动词的过去式

  1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:look→lookedplay→played;

  2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:live→liveduse→used;

  3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加–ed;如:study→studied,try→triedfly→flied

  4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;

  (二)不规则动词的过去式(后附不规则动词变化表)

  1、改变动词中的元音;

  begin→begandrink→drankcome→cameeat→ategrow→grewrun→ranknow→knewwin→wonspeak→spoketake→tookwrite→wroteget→got

  2、变词尾的–d为–t;build→builtlend→lentsend→sentspend→spentbend→bent

  3、与动词原形一样;cut→cutput→putcost→costhurt→hurtshut→shut

  4、变-ay为-aid(少数动词);say→saidpay→paidlay→laid

  5、采用不同词根;sell→soldteach→taughtbuy→bought

  6、其他。如:am/is→wasare→werehave/has→haddo→did

  三、句式变化

  (一)一般过去时的一般疑问句

  1、把was,were放在句首,其余位置不变。由Was?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,was.否定回答为:No,.wasnt.由Were?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,were.否定回答为:No,werent.如:

  (1)IwasborninShanghai.→WereyouborninShanghai?

  →Yes,Iwas.(肯定回答)→No,Iwasnt.(否定回答)

  (2)TheywereinLiYanshomelastnight.

  →WeretheyinLiYanshomelastnight?

  →Yes,theywere.(肯定回答)→No,theywerent.(否定回答)

  2、在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes,did.否定回答:No,didnt.如:

  Johnplayedcomputergameslastnight.

  →DidJohnplaycomputergameslastnight?

  →Yes,hedid.(肯定回答)→No,hedidnt.(否定回答)

  (二)一般过去时的否定句

  1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was,were的后面加上not。

  如:(1)Hewasintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.→Hewasnotintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.

  (2)Wewerebusylastweek.→Wewerenotbusylastweek.

  2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didnt.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didnt+动词原形。如:

  (1)Sheplayedtheviolinlastnight.→Shedidntplaytheviolinlastnight.

  (2)Theyswaminthelakeyesterday.→Theydidntswiminthelakeyesterday.

  (三)一般过去式的特殊疑问句

  1.Whatdid?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)

  WeateChinesefoodlastnight.→Whatdidweeatlastnight?

  2.Wheredid?(主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

  Theysanganddanceinthemusicroomyesterdaymorning.

  →Wheredidtheysinganddanceyesterdaymorning?

  3.Who+动词过去式?(主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

  MikeandTomclimbedmountainslastweekend.

  →Whoclimbedmountainslastweekend?

  四、句子结构

  1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:

  (1)Iwasathomeyesterday. 昨天我在家。(2)Wewereinthegymjustnow.刚才我们在体育馆。

  2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:

  Ivisitedmyuncleyesterday.昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

  3.各种句式

  (1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:

  主语+动词过去式+宾语或表语。

  HeworkedinShanghaitenyearsago.

  (2)一般过去时的否定句:

  a.主语+didnt+动词原形+宾语。(did+not=didn39;t)

  Hedidn39;tdomorningexercisesyesterday.

  b.主语+wasnt/werent+表语。(was+not=wasn39;twere+not=weren39;t)

  Hewasn39;tanEnglishteachertenyearsago.

  (3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:

  a.Did+主语+动词原形+宾语?

  DidyoustudyEnglishin1990?

  b.Was/Were+主语+表语?

  Washeapupilfiveyearsago?

  (4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:

  a.特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语?

  Wheredidyourparentslivefiveyearsago?

  WhatdidyoudolastSunday?

  b.特殊疑问词+were/was+表语?

  Whowasatthezooyesterday?

  小学英语动词过去式变化规则

  1、一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked

  2、结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3、末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4、以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studie

  不规则动词的过去式的构成

  1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:

  beginbegan,drinkdrank,givegave,ringrang,singsang,sitsat,swimswam

  2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

  drivedrove,riderode,writewrote

  3.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。如:

  drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew(动词show除外,showshowed)

  4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:

  getgot,forgetforgot

  5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:

  feedfed,meetmet

  6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:

  keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept

  7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:

  breakbroke,speakspoke

  8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:

  sellsold,telltold

  9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:

  standstood,understandunderstood

  10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:

  bringbrought,buybought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught

  11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

  cancould,shallshould,willwould

  12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:

  comecame,becomebecame

  13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:

  hear〔hi〕heard〔h:d〕,say〔sei〕said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕meant〔ment〕

  14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:

  letlet,mustmust,putput,readread〔red〕

  15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:

  am,iswas,arewere,buildbuilt,dodid,eatate,fallfell,feelfelt,

  findfound,flyflew,gowent,have/hashad,holdheld,leaveleft,

  makemade,maymight,runran,seesaw,taketook

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